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6 Common Types & Use Cases of PCR

When a criminal conviction is entered, it can feel like the end of the road—but it often isn’t. California law recognizes that mistakes happen, evidence can emerge later, and the justice system isn’t perfect. And that’s exactly where post-conviction relief (PCR) comes in.

You see, if you’re in San Diego, talking to a knowledgeable post-conviction lawyer can help you figure out your options, whether that’s filing a habeas corpus petition, asking for a reduced sentence, or even vacating a judgment. But before that, let’s break down the 6 most common types of PCR and what they’re used for.

What is the most common type of post-conviction relief?

While there isn’t a single type used in every case, the petition for writ of habeas corpus is by far the most common. It challenges whether someone is lawfully imprisoned and is often based on claims like ineffective assistance of counsel, new evidence proving innocence, or constitutional violations.

Here are 6 types of PCR commonly pursued in California:

1. Petition for writ of habeas corpus

This is the cornerstone of post-conviction practice. A habeas petition challenges the legality of imprisonment, often arguing that constitutional rights were violated, such as unfair trial procedures, coerced confessions, or ineffective legal representation.

2. Motion for a new trial

Filed soon after conviction, this motion asks the court to set aside the verdict and begin anew. It’s often used when juror misconduct, false testimony, or newly discovered evidence may have influenced the outcome. It’s one of the few PCR options still available before sentencing is finalized.

3. Motion to vacate a judgment 

This relatively recent reform in California law allows someone, often a non-citizen, to remove a conviction if it resulted from a legal mistake or if they weren’t fully informed about immigration consequences at the time.

4. Motion for sentence modification or reduction

When the conviction stands but the sentence is disproportionate or affected by new laws or rehabilitation programs, defendants can request a reduced sentence. 

5. Petition for post-conviction DNA testing

This is meant specifically for criminal cases where biological evidence exists, letting defendants ask for testing of biological evidence to confirm innocence or create reasonable doubt, especially in older cases where technology has improved since the trial.

6. Motion to correct clerical or legal errors

These motions address mistakes in trial records, like incorrect sentencing calculations, misapplied laws, or other procedural errors that don’t quite require a full retrial but still ensure the record accurately reflects the case.

Each of these forms of post-conviction relief differs from a direct appeal, which is handy to know when you’re consulting with an attorney.

What is PCR most commonly used for?

In practice, post-conviction relief is often used to address real-life issues that affect people after conviction, such as:

1. Ineffective assistance of counsel

This is one of the most frequently cited reasons for PCR, and the claim argues that a defendant’s lawyer failed to provide adequate representation. Examples include not calling key witnesses, missing filing deadlines, or failing to investigate critical evidence. And the standard actually stems from the Strickland v. Washington case, which defines what constitutes “ineffective counsel”.

2. Newly discovered evidence

This is for evidence that emerges after the trial, such as DNA results, witness recantations, or newly available records. And it can serve as the basis for a new trial or habeas corpus petition. This is often the first step toward proving actual innocence.

3. Constitutional violations

This approach challenges convictions obtained through rights violations, like unlawful searches, coerced confessions, or prosecutorial misconduct, ensuring due process is maintained.

4. Immigration consequences

The use of PCR here is to help non-citizens address convictions that could lead to deportation or affect their immigration status.

5. Changes in the law or sentencing reforms

Recent criminal justice reforms have made it possible to revisit old sentences.

6. Juvenile or mental health considerations

In some cases, PCR is used to reexamine convictions involving minors or defendants who were not mentally competent at trial. New psychological evidence or expert testimony can form the foundation for relief.

These cases demonstrate why PCR is an essential safeguard in the justice system, and how it ensures that convictions remain valid under current law and factual truth.

Now that you know the common types and the uses, you can properly prepare for your PCR hearing!

Where in San Diego can I schedule a consultation with a post-conviction lawyer?

You can have your pick when you choose Monder Law Group! Our experienced criminal-defense attorneys have had lots of success in guiding clients through every stage of post-conviction litigation.

Located in San Diego, near the iconic Balboa Theater, our firm is well-acquainted with local court procedures and filing requirements. We understand how emotionally and legally complex PCR cases can be, and we’re here to help you pursue every avenue toward justice!

So, if you believe your case deserves another look, contact us today for a confidential consultation and let our team help you seek the justice you deserve.